3. Spine & Contents

.1  Normal, Technique, Anomaly

• Anatomía de la columna vertebral. Enlace
• Anatomía Radiológica de la Columna Vertebral para Anestesiólogos. Enlace
• Fundamentos anatómicos de la columna vertebral en imágenes diagnósticas. Enlace
• Anatomía y patología de la unión craneovertebral. Enlace
• Utilidad de la Resonancia Magnética Dinámica: flexión y extensión de la columna cervical y lumbar en el estudio del paciente con dolor. Enlace
• Tomografía Computarizada y Resonancia Magnética en las enfermedades dolorosas del raquis: aportaciones respectivas y controversias. Enlace 
• La columna lumbar, paso a paso. Enlace.
• Tortícolis en la edad pediátrica. Revisión pictográfica. Enlace 
• Resonancia magnética de la columna lumbar: lo que el radiólogo debe conocer antes de elaborar un reporte. Enlace.
• The vertebral body: Radiographic configurations in various congenital and acquired disorders. Enlace 
• Characterizing the Location of Spinal and Vertebral Levels in the Human Cervical Spinal Cord. Enlace
• CT of the lumbar spine: normal variants and pitfalls. Enlace.
• Congenital Spine and Spinal Cord Malformations. Pictorial Review. Enlace 
• Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis: Neuroradiologic Findings with Clinical and Embryologic Correlation. Enlace
• Craniovertebral Junction: normal anatomy, craniometry, and congenital anomalies. Enlace
• Diagnostic Criteria of Basilar Impression. Enlace
• The cervicocranium: Its Radiographic Assessment. Enlace
• Cervical Spinal Stenosis: Determination with Vertebral Body Ratio Method. H Pavlov y J Torg. Enlace
• Pediatric Cervical Spine: Normal Anatomy, Variants and Trauma. Enlace
• Imaging of Torticollis in Children. Enlace
• Lumbar Spine Imaging. Normal Variants, Imaging  Pitfalls, and Artifacts. Enlace
• US of the Spinal Cord in Newborns: Spectrum of Normal Findings, Variants, Congenital Anomalies and Acquired Diseases. Enlace
• CSF Flow Measurement in Syringomyelia. Enlace
• Lumbar Facet Joint Arthrography with the Posterior Approach. Enlace
• MRI of Spinal Bone Marrow: Part I, Techniques and Normal Age-Related Appearances. Enlace
• MRI of Spinal Bone Marrow: Part II, T1-Weighted Imaging-Based Differential Diagnosis. Enlace
• Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis: Neuroradiologocic Findings with Clinical and Embryologic Correlation. Enlace 
• Imaging of Torticollis in Children. Enlace 
• Normative MR Cervical Spinal Canal Dimensions. Enlace.
• MR Imaging Characteristic and Neuropathology of the Spinal Cord in Adul-Onset Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy with Autonomis Symptoms. Enlace 
• The Sacrum: Pathologic Spectrum, Multimodality Imaging, and Subspecialty Approach. Enlace.

.2  Inflammation

• Patología Inflamatoria de la Columna Vertebral. Enlace
• Idiopathic Transverse Myelitis: MR Characteristics. Enlace

.3  Neoplasm, Neoplastic-like Condition

• Lesiones Líticas del Sacro. Enlace
• A Pattern Approach to the Differential Diagnosis of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions on MR Imaging. Enlace.
• Primary Tumors of the Spine: radiologic pathologic correlation. Enlace
• Primary Tumors of the Sacrum. Diagnostic Imaging. Enlace
• Neoplasms of the Spinal Cord and Filum Terminale: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. Enlace
• Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of Pediatric and Adolescent Spinal Neoplasms: Part1, Intramedullary Spinal Neoplasms. Enlace.
• Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of Pediatric and Adolescent Spinal Neoplasms: Part2, Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Neoplasms. Enlace.
• Diagnostic Imaging of Solitary Tumors of the Spine: What to Do and Say. Enlace
• The Diagnosis and Treatment of Metastatic Spinal Tumors. Enlace
• Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of Metastatic Disease of the Spine: Assessment of Response to Therapy. Enlace

.4  Effect of Trauma

• El diagnóstico de la lesión traumática cervical: una década de cambios basados en la evidencia. Enlace
• Evaluación de la columna lumbar posquirúrgica. Enlace
• Lateral Radiography of the Cervical Spine in the Trauma Patient: Looking Beyond the Spine. Enlace 
• Fractures, Dislocations and Fractures-Dislocations of the Spine. Enlace
• Spinal Instability as Defined by the Three-column Spine Concept in Acute Spinal Trauma. F Denis. Enlace
• Diagnostic Value of Increased Diffusion Weighting of a Steady-state Free Precesion Sequence for Differentiating Acute Benign Osteoporotic Fractures form Pathologic Vertebral Compression Fractures. Enlace
• Diffusion-weighted Imaging of Acute Vertebral Compressions: Specific Diagnosis of Benign versus Malignant Pathologic Fractures. Enlace
• 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acute Spinal Trauma. Enlace
• Cervical Spine: Postmortem Assesment of Accident Injuries: Comparison of Radiographics, ME Imaging, Anatomic and Pathologic Findings. Enlace
• Acute Cervical Spine Injuries: Prospective MR Imaging Assesment al a Level 1 Trauma Center. Enlace
• Imaging Evaluation of Adult Spinal Injuries: Emphasis on Multidetector CT in Cervical Spine Trauma. Enlace 
• Imaging of Adult Cervical Spine Trauma. Enlace
• Cervical Spine Evaluation in Pediatric Trauma. Enlace
• Hyperextension Dislocation of the Cervical Spine. Enlace
• Radiologic Spectrum of Craniocervical Distraction Injuries. Enlace
• Spectrum of Imaging Findings in Hyperextension Injuries of the Neck. Enlace
• Screening Cervical Spine CT in the Emergency Department, Phase 2: A Prospective Assessment of Use. Enlace
• Use of Adnaced Radiology During Visits to US Emergency Departments for Injury-Related Conditions, 1998-2007. Enlace
• Validity of a Set of Clinical Criteria to Rule Out Injury to the Cervical Spine in Patients with Blunt Trauma. Enlace
• The Canadian C-Spine Rule for Radiography in Alert and Stable Trauma Patients. Enlace
• Reassessment of the Craniocervical Junction: Normal Values on CT. Enlace
• Alterations of the Transverse Ligament: An MRI Study Comparing Patients With Acute Whiplash and Matched Control Subjects. Enlace. 
• Are There Cervical Spine Findings at MR Imaging That Are Specific to Acute Symptomatic Whiplash Injury? Enlace.
• Assessment of the "nearly normal" cervical spine radiograph: C2-C3 pseudosubluxation in an adult with whiplash injury. Enlace.
• Normal Thickness and Appearance of the Prevertebral Soft Tissues on Multidetector CT. Enlace
• Evaluation of the Intervertebral Disk Angle for the Assesssment of Anterior Cervical Diskoligamentous Injury. Enlace
• Bone Marrow Edema in Vertebral Compression Fractures: Detection with Dual-Energy CT. Enlace.
• Cervical Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Alert, Neurologically Intact Trauma Patients With Perisistent Midline Tenderness and Negative Computed Tomography Results. Enlace 
• A Clinically Useful Classification of Traumatic Intervertebral Disk Lesions. Enlace.
• Tectorial Membrane Injury: Frequently Overlooked in Pediatric Traumatic Head Injury. Enlace
• The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Enlace
• Correlation of MR Imaging Findings with Intraoperative Findings after Cervical Spine Trauma. Enlace
• Spinal Cord Injury after Blunt Cervical Spine Trauma: Correlation of Soft-Tissue Damage and Extension of Lesion. Enlace
• MR Imaging of Acute Spinal Cord Imaging. Enlace
• The Early Evolution of Spinal Cord Lesions on MR Imaging following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Enlace
• Face Joint Signal Change on MRI at Levels of Acute/Subacute Lumbar Compression Fractures. Enlace
• Reliability of the STIR Sequence for Acute Type II Odontoid Fractures. Enlace
• MR Imaging Findings in Spinal Ligaments Injury. Enlace
• MDCT of acute subaxial cervical spine trauma: a mechanism-based approach. Enlace
• Traumatic Thoracolumbar Spine Injuries: What the Spine Surgeon Wants to Know. Enlace
• Beyon broken spines: whats the radiologists needs to know about late complications of spinal cord injuries. Enlace
• Stress Fractures of the Sacrum. An atypical Cause of Low Back Pain in the Female Athlete.  Enlace
• Spondylolysis: a critical review. Enlace
• CT Evaluation of Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Current Concepts.Enlace
• Management of Chronic Low Back Pain: Rationales, Principles, and Targets of Imaging-guided Spinal Injections. Enlace
• Assessment of the spine with CT and MRI prior to interspinous/interlaminar spinal procedures: a pictorial review. Enlace.
• MR-Pathologic Comparisons of Wallerian Degeneration in Spinal Cord Injuries. Enlace
• Complications of Spinal Instrumentation. Enlace
• Lumbar Spine Fusion and Stabilization: Hardware, Techniques, and Imaging Appearances. Enlace
• Spinal Fixation. Part 1. Principles, basic hardware and fixation techniques for the Cervical Spine. Enlace
• Spinal Fixation. Part 2. Fixation Techniques and hardware for the thoracic and lumbosacral spine. Enlace
• Spinal Fixation. Part 3. Complications of spinal instrumentation. Enlace

.5  Metabolic, Endocrine, Toxic

.6  Other Generalized Systemic Disorders exclude: arthritis (.7)

.7  Arthritis exclude: infectious arthritis (supurative) (.26)

• Conceptos Básicos de Enfermedad Lumbar Degenerativa. Enlace
• Nomenclatura estandarizada de la Patología discal. Enlace.
• Patología Discal Lumbar. ¿Hablamos todos el mismo idioma? Enlace.
• Diagnóstico diferencial de hernia discal. Enlace.
• Nuevos criterios ASAS para el diagnóstico de espondiloartritis. Diagnóstico de sacroileítis por RM. Enlace
• Artrosis interespinosa (síndrome de Baastrup): presentación de un caso y diagnóstico por imagen. Enlace.
• El fenómeno del vacío intravertebral. Enlace. 
• El fenómeno de vacío espinal. Enlace.
• Enfermedad de Baastrup. Enlace. 
• Los "fitos" de la columna. Enlace. 
• Quiste sinovial como causa de lumbociática. Revisión y presentación de un caso. Enlace.
• Compresión radicular por quiste sinovial facetario. Enlace.
• Manifestaciones radiológicas del síndrome de Baastrup en la edad pediátrica. Enlace.
• Revisión de los hallazgos radiológicos en la espondilitis anquilosante. Enlace.
• The Proper Terminology for reporting lumbar intervertebral disk disorders. Enlace
• Nomenclature and Classification of Lumbar Disc Pathology. Recommendations of the Combined Task Forces of the North American Spine Society, American Society of Spine Radiology and American Society of Neuroradiology. Enlace
• Lumbar Disc Nomenclature: Version 2.0. Recommedations of the Combined Task Forces of North American Spine Society, the American Society of Spine Radiology and the American Society of Neuroradiology. Enlace 
• Imaging Spinal Stenosis. Enlace. 
• Baastrup´s Disease (kissing spines syndrome): a pictorial review. Enlace
• Spondyloarthropathies: what radiologists should know. Enlace.
• Evaluation of the Diagnostic Utility of Spinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Axial Spondylarthritis. Enlace 
• Spinal Changes in Patients with Spondyloarthritis: Comparison of MR Imaging and Radiographic Appearances. Enlace.
• Radiologic imaging of facet joints. Enlace.
• MR imaging and CT in osteoarthritis of lumbar facet joints. Enlace.
• MRI of the Sacroiliac Joints in Patients with Moderate to Severe Ankylosing Spondylitis. Enlace.
• Inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic description of the extent and frequency of acute spinal changes using magnetic resonance imaging. Enlace
• Systematic assessment of inflammation by magnetic resonance imaging in the posterior elements of the spine in ankylosing spondylitis. Enlace
• CT and MRI of Spine and Sacroiliac Involvement in Spondyloarthropathy. Enlace.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Spondyloarthritis. Avoiding the Minefield. Enlace 
• MR Imaging of the Spine and Sacroiliac Joints for Spondyloarthritis: Influence on Clinical Diagnostic Confidence and Patient Management. Enlace.
• MRI of the Sacroiliac Joint in Patients with Moderate to Severe Ankylosing Spondylosis. Enlace 
• Sacroiliitis Associated with Axial Spondyloarthropathy: New Concepts and Latest Trends. Enlace.
• MRI in Seronegative Spondyloarthritis: Imaging Features and Differential Diagnosis in the Spine and Sacroiliac Joints. Enlace.
• Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Magnetic Resonance Imaging Index for Assessment of Sacroiliac Joint Inflammation in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Enlace 
• Imaging in ankylosing spondylitis. Enlace
• Relationship between active inflammatory lesions in the spine and sacroiliac joints and new development of chronic lesions on whole-body MRI in early axial spondyloarthritis. resulats of the ESTHER trial at week 48. Enlace
• Anatomic Structures Involved in Early- and Late- Stage Sacroiliitis in Spondyloarthritis: A Detailed Analysis by Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Enlace
• Spinal Changes in Patients with Spondyloarthritis: Comparison of MR Imaging and Radiographics Appearances. Enlace 
• Inflammatory lesions of the spine on magnetic resonance imaging predict the development of new syndesmophytes in ankylosing spondylitis: Evidence of a relatioship between inflammation and new bone formation. Enlace

.8  Miscellaneous

• Actualización de la evaluación radiológica de la escoliosis. Enlace
• Scoliosis Imaging: What Radiologists Should Know. Enlace
• Idiopathic scoliosis in children and adolescents: assessment with a biplanar X-ray device. Enlace
• The Sacrum: Pathologic Spectrum, Multimodality Imaging and Subspeciality Approach. Enlace

.9 Others

• Lumbalgia. Enlace
• Imagenología del dolor lumbar. Enlace
• Unión disco-vertebral. ¿Qué es lo patológico?. Enlace
• La radiografía simple en el estudio del dolor de la columna vertebral.Enlace
• Common Causes of Low Back Pain in Children. Enlace
• Enfermedades dolorosas del raquis: precaución y oportunidades con las técnicas de imagen. Enlace
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging of intramedullary spinal cord lesions: A pictorial review. Enlace